**Located in the heart of the Millevaches Regional Nature Park in Corrèze, the [Peyrelevade](https://www.reforestaction.com/en/projects/2720) project aims to reconstitute a diversified forest while respecting the natural growth and renewal processes of forests. Reforest'Action chose the [Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR)](https://www.reforestaction.com/en/magazine/anr-expertise-thibaud-poulain) method to enhance 14,700 trees within this natural conservation site, which is part of the Natura 2000 protected areas network. Sasha Pinot, project manager for France at Reforest'Action, provides insight into why this method was chosen, its advantages, and the expected benefits of implementing the project within the framework of climate change adaptation.**

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### What does the Peyrelevade project, in the Limousin region, involve?

_Sasha Pinot :_ This natural regeneration project aims to revive a diverse forest ecosystem while meticulously honoring the natural processes of growth and renewal. Today, 14,700 trees of diverse species including Douglas fir, larch, spruce, fir, and oak are being nurtured through meticulous care and effort. Ultimately, this forest in the making will contribute to local economic development, supporting the timber industry. Restoring this degraded ecosystem will help preserve the forest atmosphere and its picturesque landscape. Home to a rich biodiversity, this forest will also contribute to carbon storage and play a role in combating climate change. Located in the heart of the Millevaches Regional Nature Park in Corrèze, Limousin, this natural site holds a special place within the Natura 2000 network, a European initiative dedicated to conserving habitats and species of importance.
 
### What history does this forest have?

_Sasha Pinot :_ Both plots have been planted with Douglas fir, spruce, and Scots pine for the past 35 years. They intended to undergo clear-cutting in the years to come, to harvest the wood produced, and then to be replanted following the same intensive pattern. Clear-cutting involves abruptly opening up an area, resulting in the long-term destruction of many natural habitats essential to certain species. In most cases, it also involves the use of heavy machinery, which destroys soil life by compacting and plowing large areas. 

![Peyrelevade-1.jpg](/uploads/Peyrelevade_1_d8761206cf.jpg)
 
### How is the implementation of an ANR project necessary to restore it?

_Sasha Pinot :_ One of the primary objectives of this project is to halt the forest degradation caused by strict and simplified forest management practices. By embracing a gentler approach, such as Assisted Natural Regeneration, landowners choose not to disrupt the forest's delicate balance. To achieve this, they observe natural processes and only intervene when necessary, in specific areas. Movement within the plots is restricted to designated paths to prevent unnecessary soil compaction. This method not only allows natural cycles to unfold but also enables the silviculturist to reduce their workload, as much of the forest's maintenance is carried out naturally.  
 
### How were the species chosen for the project?

_Sasha Pinot :_ The project promotes a variety of tree species, such as Douglas fir, larch, spruce, fir, and oak, each serving multiple functions. These species are selected from both hardwood and softwood groups and are chosen for their excellent adaptation to the site conditions. Intending to achieve 80% natural regeneration, the project also fosters the growth of other species already present in the soil through their existing seeds.
 
### What's the difference between the ANR method and conventional silviculture?

_Sasha Pinot :_ Today, French forests confront numerous threats, notably those stemming from climate change. In response to these challenges and as a departure from conventional silviculture practices, the proprietors of the Peyrelevade plots have opted to transition towards Assisted Natural Regeneration.

The main distinction between intensive forestry and Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) resides in ecological succession. In a natural forest, the process begins with the germination of a select few trees. As the canopy matures and closes, conditions of shade and humidity become conducive to the development of more delicate forest species in the understorey. This understorey strengthens the ecosystem's structure, facilitating the establishment of plants over the long term until they reach maturity. Occasional disturbances, such as storms or natural die-offs, then stimulate the vitality of the ecosystem. A natural forest represents a mosaic of these stages, amalgamating diverse functional groups that mutually support one another.

In contrast, within intensively managed forests, vulnerable trees are typically planted on bare ground, thereby exposing them to various risks such as drought, flooding, and wildlife damage. Often comprised of only one or two species, these forests exhibit a simplistic environmental structure characterized by a singular stratum. Upon reaching maturity, all trees are harvested, necessitating a complete restart of the cycle. Such artificial forests lack resilience to disturbances and significantly curtail the environment's capacity for natural evolution.
However, it is imperative to enhance the resilience of our forests to ensure the continuity of their ecosystem services. Through the decision to honor the natural cycle of their forest and embrace ANR management, the proprietors of this project significantly enhanced their forest's capacity to withstand diverse threats.
 
### How will the forest, restored through Assisted Natural Regeneration (RNA), be more resilient in the face of climate change?

_Sasha Pinot :_ This will be the case on five levels:
- The enhancement of ecosystem stability is notable. Without the disruptive effects of clear-cutting, natural forests maintain a consistent vegetation cover, yielding numerous benefits. Minimal fluctuations in humidity and temperature prevail, as the soil remains shielded from direct sunlight and air currents. The intricate structure of the ecosystem endures, serving as a habitat for a myriad of species, each fulfilling its unique role. The absence of habitat destruction fosters the proliferation of diverse life forms. 
- Trees derive added benefits from supplementary resources. Depending on the species, roots extract water from various depths. The diversity of these root systems enables the exploration of a broad spectrum of water sources, crucial during periods of escalating drought. Moreover, this subterranean complexity contributes to soil structuring, mitigating erosion.  
- The diversity of tree species aids in regulating pests and diseases, which are primary contributors to forest degradation. Predominantly, these issues arise in stands with limited species diversity, as they lack natural predators. In a diversified forest, all species—including animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms—compete, thus restoring equilibrium between predators and prey.
- Game damage will be minimized. Trees grown from natural seedlings are considerably less appealing to wildlife than those raised in nurseries.  
- In the long term, the forest will yield greater profitability. A diverse array of tree species ensures a harvest, even in the event of disease affecting one species. Additionally, the fertility of the environment is sustained through a dynamic cycle of organic matter, with minimal impact on the soil.

### Why talk about sustainable forest management when it comes to ANR?

_Sasha Pinot :_ By choosing Assisted Natural Regeneration, landowners cultivate high-quality wood while preserving a diverse and thriving biodiversity within the ecosystem. 

Living, productive forests naturally form across the globe, independently of human intervention. Nature provides the necessary seedlings and optimal conditions for their growth, while the diverse flora and fauna maintain a delicate balance against diseases and pests. In the natural cycle, when a tree reaches the end of its life, it falls, creating space for new growth. Young trees from natural regeneration take advantage of these openings, thriving until the canopy is restored. The Assisted Natural Regeneration (RNA) method respects these intrinsic natural principles while favoring the growth of the most beneficial trees.

The species present in the Peyrelevade stand have organically developed. A significant portion of them is local, with genetics finely attuned to the specific conditions of the region. Over time, the stand undergoes natural evolution, favoring only the most competitive and adaptive species.

Numerous instances in the region showcase owners aligning their management practices with natural processes. Situated at the heart of the Millevaches Regional Nature Park, the Peyrelevade project actively contributes to this network, gradually restoring the French forest to its historical state. Its PEFC certification serves as additional confirmation of its commitment to sustainable management, reflecting a comprehensive understanding of the forest's multifunctional role. The PEFC label assures the stringent adherence to precise regulations by all forest stakeholders, including owners, operators, and forestry contractors.

To obtain the PEFC label, various commitments must be upheld, including promoting a diverse array of tree species, abstaining from fertilizer use, safeguarding soil integrity, preserving local fauna and flora, and maintaining dead trees, essential for biodiversity promotion.
 
### How does RNA contribute to sustainable wood production? 

_Sasha Pinot :_ The overarching goal of the Peyrelevade project is to establish a diversified, multifunctional, and resilient forest, while simultaneously benefiting the local economy. 

Unlike conventional silviculture, timber is not harvested from a large area in a single block. The forest's intricate structure calls for more regular, localized harvesting. For instance, rather than harvesting an entire parcel every 80 years, the silviculturist opts to selectively remove only the finest trees every 5 years. Despite the differing approaches, the financial returns remain nearly identical. However, under Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) management, the silviculturist benefits from more consistent income.

Implementing this method requires the expertise of skilled tradespeople, and sizable trees must be transported to specialized, smaller sawmills tailored for such operations. These ANR conversion initiatives not only create employment opportunities but also inspire younger generations to acquire and revive traditional knowledge. 

Moreover, Corrèze, being a heavily forested region with ample rainfall and a temperate climate, provides an ideal environment for forest development. Given these favorable conditions, the wood yielded by the Peyrelevade project will be of exceptional quality, thereby benefiting the entire local industry, including forest managers, loggers, and sawmill operators. 
 
### Une gestion forestière en RNA permet-elle de séquestrer autant de carbone qu’une gestion classique ?

_Sasha Pinot :_ The Peyrelevade project stands out notably for its carbon sequestration capabilities. Similar to conventional plantations, the trees continuously sequester carbon throughout their lifespan. This carbon is responsibly stored when the wood is utilized in construction or furniture. Additionally, the ANR method offers an added advantage over traditional silvicultural practices: the preservation of soil carbon. Unlike forests that export their entire production, this type of forest allows for the unimpeded growth of undergrowth and retention of deadwood. As this organic matter decomposes, the carbon it contains remains within the soil, preventing its release into the atmosphere, a common occurrence after clear-cutting and plowing.

It should be noted, however, that while carbon storage is a good indicator for studying climate change, it cannot be used to judge the quality of a forest. For instance, an intensive Douglas-fir monoculture will sequester more carbon on the same surface area than a diversified forest. Yet it is not sustainable, and its ecological value and resilience are much lower.
 
![Peyrelevade-2.jpg](/uploads/Peyrelevade_2_100b04280f.jpg)
 

**As Assisted Natural Regeneration harnesses existing resources to preserve and fortify forest heritage, fostering long-term diversity and resilience, it emerges as particularly pertinent in the face of climate change. However, for ANR initiatives to materialize, funding is essential, notably from companies eager to contribute to forest restoration. Swiss Life Asset Managers exemplifies this commitment by supporting the Peyrelevade project showcased in this article. Across France, Reforest'Action is spearheading ecosystem regeneration endeavors rooted in the Assisted Natural Regeneration method, thanks to funding from dedicated corporate partners.**


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"Assisted Natural Regeneration allows forests to be more resilient in the face of climate change": an interview with Sasha Pinot

**Between 2017 and 2022, Yagasu and Reforest'Action worked together to restore 415 hectares of mangrove in the north of the Indonesian island of Sumatra by planting more than a million mangrove trees of six different species. In November 2023, an audit carried out by Reforest'Action highlighted the excellent recovery of the mangroves and the wide range of socio-economic benefits generated by the project for local communities.**

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## Five years working to restore the mangrove

Initiated in 2017 in the provinces of North Sumatra and Aceh, Indonesia, the project was spread over four planting seasons for a total of five years, during which 260 plots of degraded mangrove were restored over a total area of 415.6 hectares. Consisting mainly of deforested riverbanks, coastal areas and abandoned fishponds, these plots were selected by our local partner Yagasu near 29 villages on the west coast of Sumatra.

![IMG20231120164535.jpg](/uploads/IMG_20231120164535_6bbbbaa638.jpg)

The aim is to regenerate mangrove forests where they have been deforested or severely degraded by the conversion of land to oil palm monoculture, and to help convert former intensive aquaculture ponds into natural mangrove areas or silvofishery ponds with moderated fishing activities. The planting of mangroves enables the original ecosystem to be reconstituted, along with its services such as fixing unstable soils and combating erosion and rising water levels. Because the existence of mangroves improves water quality and helps increase fish production, planting around or inside the ponds serves the dual purpose of maintaining the structural integrity of the ecosystem and providing a sustainable source of food for aquatic life.

![IMG20231122113205.jpg](/uploads/IMG_20231122113205_aafc5347bf.jpg)

## The conclusions of the audit carried out by Reforest'Action

A total of 1,040,478 mangrove trees were planted in the field after being produced in nurseries designed for the project. The diversity of species, which is essential to the quality and sustainability of mangrove restoration operations, was particularly observed through the selection of 6 different mangrove species adapted to the environment: Rhizophora spp, R. Apiculata, R. Stylosa, R. Mucronata, Avicennia and Ceriops. 
Thanks to the meticulous measurements carried out during the audit mission conducted by Reforest'Action in November 2023, the overall average survival rate of the trees for all the different seasons of the project was determined to be 89.88%. The plots are now in vigorous health and growth, and free of any plant disease.

![IMG20231122114442.jpg](/uploads/IMG_20231122114442_dd6632535d.jpg)

## A wide range of socio-economic benefits generated by mangroves

### Raising community awareness of the valuable resources provided by mangroves

Over the five years the project has been running, it has directly benefited 4,552 people and indirectly 9,104 people. The mangrove restoration campaign led by our project implementer Yagasu has not only generated employment in the nurseries and planting operations but has also created income-generating socio-economic activities for local people. These include the creation of traditional batik fabrics using mangrove ink, the production of foodstuffs (crisps, crackers) from mangroves, and the practice of silvofishery, which exploits the natural fish resources (fish, prawns, crabs) of these forests by creating natural ponds within them.

![IMG-28763939 (5).jpg](/uploads/IMG_28763939_5_6eb90e170c.jpg)

By becoming aware of the benefits provided by mangroves, local communities are more inclined to adopt a conservation approach to these precious forests, and to contribute to their protection, in particular by setting up community patrols to survey the mangroves and report any deforestation activity.

### Creating local commercial channels

In terms of market opportunities for the production of batik and food products, Yagasu is working with communities to create genuine local commercial channels and raise awareness among consumers from local populations and visiting tourists. As far as silvofishery is concerned, Yagasu facilitates transactions between producers and end consumers through local intermediaries. 

Women's communities in particular benefit from these socio-economic programmes, which contribute to the development of their skills and their financial independence. In fact, the income generated by the socio-economic activities within the women's groups is equivalent to an increase of around 15 to 20% on their pre-project income.

![IMG_7727.jpg](/uploads/IMG_7727_7f64aa026c.jpg)

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### Developing ecotourism to boost the local economy

In addition, the project is also enabling the development of ecotourism infrastructures and educational activities, such as nautical tourism, culinary tourism and tourism based on awareness of mangrove ecosystems. In Pasar Rawa, in particular, the ecotourism programme is generating employment for villagers and contributing to the local economy, while promoting a better understanding of the importance of mangrove conservation.

![DJI_0576.jpg](/uploads/DJI_0576_dc277a52c5.jpg)

**The project run by Reforest'Action and Yagasu in Sumatra between 2017 and 2022 has thus contributed not only to the restoration and conservation of mangrove ecosystems located in two provinces of the Indonesian island, but also to the creation of profound socio-economic impacts among local communities by promoting sustainable livelihoods and their economic resilience.**

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Sumatra: economic resilience depends on environmental restoration

**At Reforest'Action, the diversity of our solutions meets the diversity of the needs of forests, with common objectives: to make forests more resilient, to develop their multifunctionality, and to preserve and develop the carbon and biodiversity sinks of tomorrow. In this way, Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) plays an essential role in achieving global objectives relating to climate, biodiversity and ecosystem restoration, and is fully in line with our environmental and ecological ambitions and those of the foresters with whom we work. Reforest'Action frequently uses this method as part of its ecosystem regeneration projects in temperate zones.**

## Respecting and imitating the natural cycle of the forest
In practical terms, ANR is a method of regenerating forest ecosystems that involves intervening in existing forests that are showing signs of regeneration, but which are insufficient on their own to guarantee the renewal of the forest and the maintenance of its ecosystem services. This is a gentle method of silvicultural management that respects the natural cycle of the forest, the soil and existing biodiversity. It makes the most of what already exists to preserve and strengthen the forest heritage, making it more diverse and resilient in the long term. 

As part of an ANR project, the forester helps the forest to regenerate under optimum conditions. The aim is to encourage the growth of seedlings and juvenile trees of different species that are already naturally present in the soil, and to provide them with the light and space they need to develop in the best possible way. While taking care to maintain minority species to preserve the diversity of the forest, work is also carried out to promote the species best adapted to local conditions and climate change. To do this, the forester will carefully observe the evolution of the forest and, over time, carry out various types of forestry work (clearing, scrub clearance, pruning, maintenance of access roads and enrichment of islands, etc.) that will enable the most promising seedlings to grow thanks to the increased space and light. 

## A complementary solution to reforestation
In our projects, the choice between the planting method or the ANR method depends on the type of forest plot and the history of the forest to be restored. In France, and more generally in Europe, the challenge is to deal with the biotic and abiotic degradation of forests, rather than deforestation, which involves leaving plots of land bare. Given the increasing frequency and severity of natural and climatic hazards, where the situation permits, ANR appears to be the most appropriate method for restoring degraded forests. The funding of ANR work also makes it possible to encourage longer silvicultural cycles and more progressive, sustainable management. It is therefore common for Reforest'Action to support ANR projects in temperate zones.

## Preserving and developing carbon and biodiversity sinks
This method also focuses on preserving biodiversity and the carbon storage function of soils and above- and below-ground biomass throughout the process, by avoiding clear-cutting and bare soil. Thanks to artificial intelligence models and cutting-edge technologies based in particular on satellite imagery, Reforest'Action is now able to estimate above-ground and underground biomass at a given moment and deduce the carbon stored on our ANR projects. With a view to projecting and measuring impact, our ANR projects are designed as genuine projects to preserve carbon sinks and biodiversity. 

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Assisted Natural Regeneration, a solution for preserving and developing carbon sinks and biodiversity over the long term

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Palétuvier

Palétuvier rouge

Since 2017, Reforest’Action is partnering with Yagasu, an Indonesian NGO, to work concretely on the restoration of this unique biodiversity hotspot, essential to the protection of the island’s coastlines. The objectives of the action correspond to the identified problems or real needs of the coastal community. Restoring mangroves as a nature-based solution strategy could make communities more resilient to environmental changes and improve their social-economic capacity. By working with local communities, this project aimed to restore severely degraded sites, control abrasion and reduce the tsunami's impact to improve the community’s agility in climate change mitigation. This project also increased the commitment of the local communities to protecting mangroves through group formation, policy initiative development, and environmental awareness education.

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Preservation of local biodiversity by providing suitable habitats and resources.

Influences the quality and integrity of the soil-water system, and the cycling of water and nutrients.

Contributes to the mitigation of the greenhouse effect and influences precipitation patterns and the local microclimate.

Supports human well-being, by providing resources, income, education, empowerment, and supporting culture and spirituality.

Indonesia is the world's most deforested country, with rainforest disappearing twice as fast as in the Amazon. In 1987, northern Sumatra boasted 200,000 hectares of mangroves. Today, less than half this remains, at just 83,000 hectares. This massive deforestation is mainly due to anthropic pressure: mangroves are converted into areas for intensive shrimp and fish farming or palm oil production, and illegally felled to make firewood or charcoal. The disappearance of mangroves, accelerated by global warming, makes coasts even more vulnerable to flooding and land erosion.

Since 2003, Yagasu, an Indonesian environmental NGO, has been restoring mangroves in collaboration with forest communities. Since its foundation, almost 6,000 hectares have been replanted. Yagasu's mangrove protection and restoration project has conserved 23 different mangrove species, 8 mammal species, 16 reptile and amphibian species, 32 invertebrate species (crabs, shrimps, etc.), 73 bird species, 41 fish species and 9 migratory bird species.

With the aim of restoring and extending the native mangrove on the island of Sumatra to protect its coastlines and secure the economic activities linked to it, Reforest'Action entered into a lasting partnership with local NGO Yagasu in 2017. The objectives of the campaign respond to identified problems or real needs of the coastal community. The project aims to restore severely degraded sites by working hand-in-hand with local populations, controlling abrasion and reducing the impact of the tsunami.

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Hêtre commun

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Dans le département du Tarn, les deux parcelles forestières concernées par ce reboisement se trouvent sur les Monts de Lacaune, au sein du parc naturel régional du Haut-Languedoc. Cette monoculture, composée d’épicéas, a été sévèrement affectée par une invasion de scolytes, insectes xylophages qui causent de nombreux dégâts dans les forêts françaises. À Brassac, leur présence a mené à la récolte des arbres pour des raisons sanitaires. En diversifiant les essences replantées à l’aide de douglas et de hêtre commun, la forêt sera à l’avenir plus résistante face aux attaques d’insectes. Ce mélange de résineux et de feuillus permettra au peuplement d’accueillir une biodiversité riche, redonnant au massif sa fonction environnementale. En outre, la plantation des arbres permettra de lutter contre le réchauffement climatique grâce au stockage de carbone. Une fois matures, ceux-ci serviront à la production de bois d’œuvre, une ressource durable et économiquement viable.

Supports human well-being, by providing resources, income, education, and supporting recreation and heritage.

In the Tarn department, the two forest plots involved in this reforestation project are located in the Monts de Lacaune, within the Haut-Languedoc Regional Nature Park. This monoculture of spruce trees has been severely affected by an invasion of bark beetles, xylophagous insects which cause a great deal of damage in French forests. In Brassac, their presence led to the trees being harvested for sanitary reasons. By diversifying the species planted with Douglas fir and common beech, the forest will be more resistant to insect attack in the future. This mix of coniferous and deciduous trees will enable the stand to host a rich biodiversity, restoring the forest's environmental function. In addition, the planting of trees will help combat global warming by storing carbon. Once mature, they will be used for timber production, a sustainable and economically viable resource.

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Leucaena

Baccaurea ramiflora

Bauhinia variegata

Uriam d'Assam

Fromager

Canarium benghalense

Careya arborea

Cassier commun

Cassier rose

Acajou indien

Chukrasia tabularis

Cinnamomum glaucescens

Palissandre d'Asie

Dillénie à grandes fleurs

Duabanga grandiflora

Dysoxylum gotadhora

Elaeocarpus floribundus

Ficus racemosa

Prunier d'Inde

Aglaia spectabilis

Garcinia pedunculata

Échite

Garcinia xanthochymus

Altingia excelsa

Glochidion ellipticum

Axlewood

Gynocardia odorata

Aquilaria crassna

Lannea coromandelica

Artocarpus chama

Litchi

Bois d'oiseaux

Carambolier

Machilus bombycina

Champac

Magnolia hodgsonii

Magnolia insignis

Mallotus nudiflorus

Arbre de fer d'Annam

Élengi

Mûrier à feuilles de platane

Kaloupilé

Neolamarckia cadamba

Arbre triste

Olax nana

Oroxylum indicum

Phoebe goalparensis

Phyllanthus emblica

Arbre à mâture

Pterospermum acerifolium

Arbre à savon

Arbre ashoka

Schima wallichii

Pterygota alata

Stereospermum chelonoides

Jamblon

Jambosier

Tamarinier d'Inde

Badamier

Myrobalan bellerique

Chébule

Tetrameles nudiflora

Vatica lanceifolia

Viburnum colebrookianum

Wrightia coccinea

Goyavier

Jacquier (Ampilobe)

Acajou des Antilles

Gmelina

Manguier

Moringa

Margousier

In this context, Reforest’Action is partnering with the Balipara Foundation, an Indian NGO, with the dual objective of restoring the forests of the State of Assam, in the Eastern Himalayas, and developing agroforestry in order to provide local communities with more sustainable agricultural solutions for their cotton and tea crops. 

By planting over 1 million trees, this project will help fight global warming thanks to the carbon stored in their wood, enrich the soil, recharge the aquifers and protect the crops from too much sun, preserve and develop local biodiversity as well as allow local communities to harvest the fruits to increase their food security. Surplus crops can be sold in local markets to provide additional income. Local people are also trained in the benefits of agroforestry and the long-term maintenance of the planted trees. Through forest restoration linked incomes, communities are better able to access universal basic assets such as healthcare and education.

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SUSTAINABLE_CITIES_AND_COMMUNITIES

The Indian state of Assam, located in the eastern tip of India, has lost more than 9.5% of its vegetation cover since 2000, due to the increasing conversion of natural primary forests into agricultural plots, and the invasion of exotic species that thrive at the expense of native vegetation. The result is a decline in the health of natural ecosystems, with soil degradation, increasing land desertification, and the depletion of water tables. Faced with a degraded environment, local populations are confronted with decreasing agricultural yields, which goes hand in hand with the collapse of their food security. In the state of Assam, only 8% of young people between the ages of 6 and 23 benefit from a healthy and balanced diet.

Founded in 2007, Balipara Foundation is an Indian NGO first dedicated to the conservation of Asian elephants across India. After several years in the field, their expertise enabled them to establish the link between saving elephants and preserving their natural environment: the forests. This led to the creation of the Rural Futures model, which aims to restore forests while generating income for local communities. Since the creation of Balipara, over 2,000 hectares of forest have been restored. Alongside these reforestation programs, Balipara has been developing agroforestry projects with local communities for the past 5 years, combining trees and cash crops to generate additional income.

Reforest'Action has joined forces with the NGO Balipara Foundation to restore the forests within the state of Assam, on the eastern edge of India, between Bhutan, China and Bangladesh. The aim of this project is twofold: to restore the degraded forests of this eastern Himalayan region, and to develop agroforestry within tea and cotton crops in order to provide local communities with more sustainable agricultural solutions. The "Living Lab India" Project is being developed under the Circular Bioeconomy Alliance established by His Majesty King Charles III as part of his Sustainable Markets Initiative. The CBA aims to catalyze investment to create resilient landscapes and sustainable markets powered by nature.

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