**From 10 to 21 November 2025, the 30th Conference of the Parties on climate (COP30) was held in Belém, Brazil. Located in the heart of the Amazon, the summit was expected to be the COP of “implementation”. After fifteen days of negotiations, mobilisations and scientific or civic initiatives, the outcome is mixed: tangible progress in some areas, but also missed opportunities and an overall level of ambition deemed insufficient in light of the climate emergency. What are the key structural takeaways for the years ahead? Discover our full analysis.**

![COP30-Belem-25.jpg](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/COP_30_Belem_25_481f038a96.jpg)

## Notable Advances and Persistent Blind Spots

### A Global Financial Objective Consolidated Between Baku and Belém

COP30 builds on the work initiated at COP29: the objective of mobilising USD 1.3 trillion per year by 2035, formulated in Baku as part of the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) on climate finance, was confirmed and further structured in Belém.

This objective aims to align global financial flows with the real needs of the transition. It does not refer to a single fund, but to a global effort involving public, multilateral and private finance, as well as innovative financial instruments. It covers the full spectrum of climate priorities — mitigation, adaptation, loss and damage, nature-based solutions and the energy transition — and responds to a clear finding of the Global Stocktake: current climate finance remains far below needs, estimated at several trillion dollars per year by 2030.

### Tripling Finance Dedicated to Adaptation

One of the most consequential announcements of COP30 concerns adaptation. States agreed to triple adaptation finance by 2035 to support territorial resilience, protect vulnerable populations and develop climate-resilient infrastructure. This decision is fully consistent with the USD 1.3 trillion per year objective: it strengthens one of the most underfunded dimensions of the transition, which is essential to support the resilience of the most vulnerable countries.

For investors and financial institutions, this development opens new perspectives: deeper integration of physical climate risk into investment strategies; a rise in territorial resilience projects; growing opportunities in green infrastructure, water resource management and ecological restoration.

This commitment reflects a reality that is now widely acknowledged: adaptation has become a central pillar of global climate strategy, on an equal footing with mitigation of climate change.

### New Initiatives to Accelerate Implementation

These financial ambitions are part of a broader framework designed to accelerate the implementation of commitments made by States. Two core instruments form its backbone:
- **The Global Implementation Accelerator**, which aims to provide concrete support to countries in delivering their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and national adaptation plans, through reinforced technical assistance and better access to finance;
- **The Belém Mission to 1.5°C**, an international action platform designed to structure international cooperation led by the COP29–COP31 Troika, strengthen climate ambition and mobilise the investments needed to maintain a trajectory compatible with 1.5°C.

These two initiatives were created, named and officially launched as part of the Belém Political Package adopted at COP30. They are intended to narrow the gap between ambition and action by aligning financial orientation, implementation capacity and international cooperation.

### The Launch of the Tropical Forests Forever Facility

COP30 was also marked by the official announcement of the **Tropical Forests Forever Facility** (TFFF), a mechanism intended to become a global fund for the preservation of tropical forests. Led by Brazil, the facility aims to provide financial incentives for countries with extensive tropical forest cover to ensure their long-term conservation, by mobilising up to USD 125 billion through a hybrid structure combining public and private finance.

The TFFF “Launch Declaration” received the support of 53 countries, including 19 potential sovereign investors — essentially governments and public institutions — among them Norway, Brazil, Indonesia, France and the Netherlands. Several major announcements have already been made, such as Norway’s pledge of nearly USD 3 billion, providing an initial financial backbone for the facility.

However, many parameters still need to be clarified. The TFFF is based on a still-novel model — endowed foundation, payments conditional on conservation — and its governance, monitoring, traceability and involvement of local and Indigenous communities must still be consolidated. Thus, while the TFFF represents a significant symbolic step forward for the protection of tropical ecosystems, its success will depend on its ability to rapidly demonstrate operational credibility to investors, forest countries and stakeholders on the ground.

According to Stéphane Hallaire, President of Reforest’Action, “the fund’s greatest impact may come from its investments—if they truly drive a regenerative economy. With $125 billion, TFFF could help beneficiary countries transition toward an economic model that respects planetary boundaries, provided it doesn’t overlook the root causes of deforestation and the essential shift needed in agricultural practices.”

### Loss and Damage Fund: A Mechanism Still in a Fragile State

Politically created at COP27 and made operational at COP28, the **Loss and Damage Fund** is intended to support the most vulnerable countries in addressing the irreversible impacts of climate change — those that go beyond adaptation capacity, such as the destruction of infrastructure, loss of land or forced displacement. Despite its strategic importance, this mechanism remains fragile: its access modalities, governance and sources of funding are still being consolidated.

COP30 highlighted a twofold reality. On the one hand, the resources mobilised so far remain far below estimated needs — international assessments indicate that loss and damage in vulnerable countries could reach USD 290–580 billion per year by 2030. On the other hand, vulnerable countries continue to stress the complexity of procedures and ongoing uncertainty regarding the fund’s real accessibility and long-term viability.

In the absence of substantial new commitments and a fully stabilised architecture, the fund remains under-sized and operationally limited, even as loss and damage intensify. For both public and private actors, this situation illustrates one of the major challenges of climate governance: ensuring fast, predictable and adequate financing to respond to impacts that are steadily increasing.

 ### Fossil Fuels: A Persistent Deadlock

Despite the climate emergency reiterated in scientific reports and the findings of the Global Stocktake, COP30 did not succeed in reaching consensus on a timetable for phasing out fossil fuels. While many countries — particularly small island States, several European countries and part of the financial sector — advocated for an explicit reference to “phasing out”, negotiations were slowed by the opposition of powerful producer countries and deepening geopolitical tensions.

The outcome is a weakened text on this point: it reaffirms the importance of the energy transition without translating it into binding commitments. This deadlock highlights the persistent gap between trajectories compatible with 1.5°C and current political choices, and sends a signal to economic and financial actors that, for now, the transformation of the energy system will rely more on market dynamics, technological innovation and evolving investment strategies than on a fully defined international framework.

## Clarifying International Priorities: Structural Axes for the Years Ahead

### Strengthening Indicators, Transparency and Governance of Commitments

COP30 marks the beginning of a cycle in which the value of a climate commitment is no longer measured by its declarative ambition, but by its capacity to be delivered. The final decision explicitly calls for a strengthened revision of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) from 2026 onwards, with significantly higher expectations in terms of precision, quantified trajectories and sectoral coherence.

For both States and companies, this evolution entails three major shifts:
- **A move towards standardised, comparable indicators.** Negotiators highlighted the need to build a common methodological baseline to assess real impact rather than solely declared effort. In the coming years, States, public banks, private investors and donors will therefore require companies to provide much more precise, detailed and verifiable climate data as a condition for accessing certain forms of finance.
- **Increasing regulatory pressure.** The progressive alignment between national frameworks and international regulations (CSRD, ISSB, TNFD) will require organisations not only to document their emissions, but also their dependencies on ecosystems, exposure to physical risk, impacts on ecosystem services and resilience under different climate scenarios. Finance, legal and sustainability departments are now jointly responsible for climate compliance.
- **Reinforced governance and strategic climate steering.** States are encouraged to introduce tighter control mechanisms: audits, regular reporting, national monitoring committees, results-based obligations and corrective measures. For private actors, this translates into the need for a dedicated climate committee at board level, science-based targets (SBTi) to ensure credibility, quantified transition plans with associated budgets, and comprehensive traceability covering scopes 1, 2 and 3, as well as biodiversity and physical risk.

### Territories, Communities and Governance: Towards a Just and Inclusive Transition

COP30 reaffirms the essential role of territories and communities in climate implementation, stressing the importance of land rights, local knowledge and shared governance that fully involves Indigenous Peoples and local communities in the design, decision-making and oversight of projects.

Given the diversity of climate vulnerabilities, the local scale is becoming a lever of operational effectiveness, capable of identifying specific risks, prioritising tailored solutions and anchoring climate action in socio-economic realities. For projects to be perceived as credible and acceptable, they must therefore meet both international standards and territorial expectations.

Finally, COP30 reiterates that the climate transition can only succeed if it is just and inclusive, which implies a fair distribution of value, protection of the most exposed populations and the development of local skills — requirements that are now central for investors and decisive for stakeholder trust.

### Climate Finance: Credibility, Traceability and Internalisation of Risk

Climate finance remains the central bottleneck of global climate governance. Nevertheless, COP30 has clarified expectations and sent clear signals to the financial sector:
- **The need to make financial commitments credible.** The tripling of adaptation finance must be accompanied by a precise definition of allocation rules, eligibility criteria and performance metrics. For financial actors, climate finance can no longer be merely declarative; it must demonstrate quantifiable, verifiable and comparable impact.
- **The emergence of a new paradigm: valuing physical risks.** COP30 confirms a major shift: the physical impacts of climate change are no longer considered secondary uncertainties, but key drivers of financial performance. They now directly affect project profitability and the ability of actors to maintain solvency over time.
- **Transparency and the fight against greenwashing.** Pressure is increasing to put an end to unfounded climate claims. Investors will have to demonstrate the traceability of their investments, the robustness of their impact models, the integrity of the projects they support and compliance with international frameworks (ICVCM, VCMI, TNFD). Regulatory trends point towards increasingly stringent demands for documented evidence.

### Confirming the Strategic Role of Nature-based Solutions

The Amazonian setting of the COP catalysed discussions on Nature-based Solutions (NbS). Their role is now fully recognised in national strategies and in both voluntary and regulatory decarbonisation pathways. NbS are expected to sequester carbon, strengthen territorial resilience to climate shocks, preserve biodiversity and durably stabilise soils and water resources. Their contribution is substantial, but remains complementary: even deployed at scale, NbS alone cannot offset the continued increase in fossil fuel emissions.

This is why the transition requires a hybrid approach that simultaneously combines three pillars: operational decarbonisation, relying on energy efficiency, renewables and industrial innovation; ecological restoration, which is essential to reinforce natural carbon sinks and ecosystem resilience; and carbon capture and storage technologies, necessary to address the most difficult-to-abate residual emissions. This triptych, widely confirmed at COP30 in Belém, forms the foundation of climate trajectories compatible with international targets.

To be fully effective, these levers must be integrated coherently into public policies and corporate strategies. This implies explicit inclusion of NbS in NDCs, agricultural policies, adaptation plans, urban planning strategies and international certification frameworks. On the private sector side, the challenge is to move beyond ad hoc approaches and build investment programmes anchored in territories, aligned with high integrity standards and delivering measurable climate, social and economic benefits. Only such alignment between national ambition, local dynamics and industrial strategies will enable the transition to accelerate at the necessary scale.

For Reforest’Action, this dynamic confirms a core conviction: Nature-based Solutions are an essential climate and economic lever, but they must be deployed with rigour and transparency.

![Amazonia-COP30.png](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Amazonia_COP_30_89c41adfca.png)

**COP30 has not met all expectations, but it does mark a major turning point: the start of a decade in which value will be measured by real impact, adaptive capacity and the credibility of commitments. For Reforest’Action, this COP confirms several strong convictions:**

- **nature is an indispensable pillar of the climate response;**
- **project quality and integrity are non-negotiable prerequisites;**
- **transparency and impact measurement are fundamental to building trust;**
- **the articulation between mitigation, adaptation and biodiversity must guide climate action.**

**In a context of rapid transformation, we reaffirm the importance of a scientific, rigorous and locally anchored approach to ecosystem restoration. The future will depend not only on the commitments made, but on our collective ability — States, investors, companies and local stakeholders — to turn them into reality.**



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COP30: Structural Pathways to Accelerate the Transition?

**On the island of Sumba in Indonesia, the landscapes still bear the marks of long-standing deforestation. Starting in the late 19th century, under Dutch colonial rule, local forests rich in sandalwood were heavily exploited and converted into farmland. Deforestation—occurring within a hilly landscape subject to a climate prone to droughts and extreme rainfall—led to erosion and soil degradation. Today, the island is composed of vast stretches of limestone savannas cut through by deep ravines, where sparse vegetation, mainly grasses, serves as pasture for cattle and horse herds. The project led by Reforest’Action in Sumba aims to reverse this ecosystem degradation. Currently undergoing certification by the international Verra (VCS) standard via methodology VM0047, the project seeks to combine carbon sequestration, food security, and the creation of sustainable value chains.**

![Sumba-web-3.jpg](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Sumba_web_3_eb44f5aae2.jpg)

## A Project Design Tailored to the Environmental and Social Context

### Restoring Degraded Lands and Agricultural Productivity

Developed by Reforest’Action in partnership with CIFOR-ICRAF (Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry) and two Indonesian NGOs, the project addresses two main challenges: on the one hand, restoring soil fertility on Sumba through the creation of forests on previously deforested land and the development of diversified agroforestry systems; and on the other hand, strengthening the food and economic security of local communities, currently weakened by declining agricultural productivity.

To achieve this, an integrated landscape management model will be deployed to enhance ecosystem sustainability and resilience through adaptive, inclusive, and integrative strategies. By combining 37 tree species—including 20 native species—and five planting models adapted to the environmental and social context of the villages, the project aims to sequester 6.4 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalent over 40 years while restoring key ecosystem functions such as water retention, erosion control, soil enrichment, and biodiversity preservation.

### A Project Design Serving Ecological and Economic Resilience

Within the project design, each model contributes to a balance between environmental restoration and economic value creation.

The project aims to:

- recreate productive forests, notably composed of timber species and sandalwood, on degraded lands far from inhabited areas, to enable sustainable long-term timber production;
- restore natural secondary forests on community lands to strengthen ecosystem services without timber exploitation.

The design also includes three agroforestry system models:

- integration of fruit and forest trees in multi-strata systems near villages, enhancing food production and short-term economic resilience;
- planting coffee fields under the shade of diverse trees to improve yields and quality thanks to vegetation cover that regulates temperature and humidity;
- development of alley-cropping systems that enrich conventionally cultivated fields by combining fruit and forest trees with annual crops.

While generating certified carbon credits, the project therefore supports local economic stability as well as measurable ecosystem and social impacts.

![Sumba-web-2.jpg](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Sumba_web_2_f43142aa0f.jpg)

## A Holistic Strategy Serving Ecological and Economic Resilience

### Embedding Sandalwood into a Sustainable Value Chain

Sandalwood (Santalum album) is an emblematic Indonesian species historically at the heart of Sumba’s economy. Overexploitation of this precious wood during the colonial period (from the late 19th century until Indonesia’s independence in 1945) drastically reduced natural populations, making sandalwood a species now classified as vulnerable by the IUCN.

The project aims to reintroduce sandalwood sustainably into local agricultural and forestry systems. This species is hemiparasitic—unable to absorb soil nutrients on its own—and requires a host plant to grow, which justifies its integration into mixed agroforestry systems.

Its reintroduction will help rebuild an exportable economic resource while ensuring its sustainable management through a plan regulating harvesting practices. Because heartwood, which contains the essential oil, forms only after 10 to 15 years of growth, optimal harvesting occurs from year 20 onward. A local governance mechanism will therefore be established to plan these cycles fairly, ensuring ecological sustainability of the resource and economic stability for beneficiary communities. As a native species, sandalwood will also help restore local biodiversity.

### Promoting Community Empowerment and Governance

The project’s success relies on the direct involvement of local communities in every phase—from preparation to planting activities, maintenance, and plot management.

The local team, already active in 25 partner villages, supports farmer groups in a collective implementation approach: each group, made up of around 30 households, works in a coordinated manner on the plots, supported by village facilitators who ensure compliance with technical protocols.

Community nurseries supply the project with seedlings, while a training program aims to strengthen the technical and organizational capacities of farmers involved in the project (nursery management, soil fertilization techniques, pest control, water management, tree pruning, financial management, participatory governance…).

A community forest management plan is developed jointly with local authorities, ensuring long-term ownership of the project.

Benefits from the sale of carbon credits will also be partially redistributed to cooperatives, farmer groups, and women’s associations under an equitable and transparent governance model.

### Developing Local and Sustainable Value Chains

The project includes an economic strategy to develop local value chains around products with high potential: sandalwood, cashew nuts, coffee, candlenuts, teak, and mahogany. Designed according to the principles of the circular bioeconomy, these sectors aim to create stable market opportunities and additional income for producers, while promoting local processing and commercialization of commodities and building community expertise.

This model supports inclusive growth and lays the groundwork for progressive economic independence for communities. Income diversification will strengthen household resilience and reduce reliance on subsistence crops. Women, in particular, will benefit from improved access to these opportunities through the development of small local businesses and women’s cooperatives.

### Embedding Gender Equality in Project Governance

Gender equality is a central pillar of the Sumba project. The project is designed for women—both in its conception, by intentionally involving them in consultations and contracts, and in its implementation, by taking into account their specific constraints.

Targeted training programs aim to strengthen women’s entrepreneurial, financial, and organizational skills. These programs will also emphasize leadership and public speaking to ensure that women’s contributions are fully recognized by the community. The project will engage male leaders to ensure broad community support while respecting traditional structures.

An inclusive recruitment policy further guarantees women’s participation in decision-making roles, especially within village committees and project governance structures.

By fostering women’s leadership, the project strengthens social sustainability within local governance while enhancing the economic performance of agricultural operations.

![Sumba-web-1.jpg](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Sumba_web_1_fd32dd8982.jpg)

**Designed to meet the high-integrity requirements of international carbon certification standards, particularly Verra (VCS), the Sumba project represents a high-impact investment opportunity for funders. It guarantees traceability and independent verification of emission reductions, additionality and permanence of sequestration activities, and alignment with ESG principles and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 1, 4, 5, 8, 12, 13, and 15).**

**Over a 40-year period, it will enable the sequestration of 321 tonnes of CO₂ equivalent per hectare, totaling 6.4 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalent. Beyond its climate impact, the project will help restore natural ecosystems and island biodiversity, improve food security and rural incomes, and strengthen local capacities in sustainable natural resource management.**

**The Sumba project thus illustrates the ability of high-integrity carbon projects to generate multiple co-benefits beyond carbon sequestration. For investors, it represents an opportunity to engage in a measurable, verifiable approach aligned with international ESG standards. By supporting the project, financial partners contribute to ecosystem restoration, preservation of an emblematic tree species, and the construction of a resilient and inclusive rural economy. Interested in seizing this impact investment opportunity? [Contact us to discuss your needs!](https://www.reforestaction.com/en/contact)**


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Sumba: Investing in a Carbon Project with Socio-Economic and Environmental Impact

**The high-Andean restoration project led by Reforest’Action in Colombia illustrates the ability of Nature-based Solutions to generate measurable benefits for the climate, biodiversity, and local communities. Developed through a rigorous approach, the project is now undergoing independent verification by Bureau Veritas and certification by The Global Biodiversity Standard (TGBS). These recognitions attest to the project’s alignment with international carbon quantification standards (ISO 14064-3:2019) and biodiversity restoration standards, as well as with the requirements of major corporate regulatory and reporting frameworks (CSRD, SBTi, CDP). They strengthen the environmental credibility of the Nariño project and provide funders with an essential framework of transparency and accountability for their climate and sustainability strategies.** 

![Narino-2025-3.png](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Narino_2025_3_a3fc01ec66.png)

## Restoring the Páramos in Colombia: A Project Rich in Fundamental Benefits 

### The Need to Restore High-Andean Ecosystems

Located between 3,300 and 4,700 meters above sea level in the high plateaus of the Andes in Colombia, the Páramos are the world’s richest mountain ecosystems in floristic biodiversity. They are increasingly threatened by the conversion of land into pastures and agricultural plots, leading to a dramatic collapse of local biodiversity.

![Narino-2025-2.png](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Narino_2025_2_2c68086c22.png)

In the project area, the regeneration of the Páramos follows a demanding design aimed at restoring biodiversity through the integration of 76 different native species, prioritizing access to water, and ensuring the long-term economic stability of local producers.
Launched in 2021, the project—developed by Reforest’Action and implemented on the ground by a local NGO—consists of five models that generate fundamental benefits for the climate, biodiversity, the soil–water system, and local communities:
- A Páramo restoration model  
- A riparian forest restoration model  
- A watershed reforestation model  
- An agroforestry model integrating trees around and within pastures  
- A living-hedge agroforestry model creating hedgerows around grazing areas

### Carbon Sequestration

The Páramo restoration activities directly contribute to increasing the carbon stored in these ecosystems. Reforestation of riverbanks to prevent soil erosion and provide habitat for local fauna, creation of forest islands through watershed reforestation, and restoration of high-Andean forests at the borders of the Páramos—all play a key role in climate mitigation by creating carbon sequestration compartments in both trees and soils.

### Water Resource Preservation

The peat soils of the Páramos retain water and supply up to 60% of Colombia’s water resources through downstream valleys. Their degradation has led to increasingly frequent shortages, especially in the department of Nariño. Field audits and testimonies from project beneficiaries indicate that water flow in irrigation channels (acequias) has improved since restoration actions began—restoring long-awaited water reserves previously compromised by deforestation.
 
### Silvopastoralism and Ecosystem Services

Agroforestry and silvopastoralism are integral to the project’s design and its goals of preserving the Páramos while maintaining sustainable economic activities for local communities.

By creating dense hedgerows composed of diverse native species around pastures and agricultural plots, these practices support animal well-being—offering cattle shade from intense sunlight, protection from cold winds, and increasing milk production (+13% to +25% per cow).

They also provide a wide array of ecosystem services: forage and timber production, natural soil fertilization, biodiversity restoration, improved livelihoods, medicinal and melliferous plants, and ecological corridors that connect habitats for numerous species.

### Inclusion of Local Communities and Socioeconomic Benefits

Alongside environmental actions, the project benefits 570 people from local communities and the Pastos Indigenous people—including 140 cattle farmers—through the development of income-generating activities (community beekeeping, medicinal plant processing…).

A broad awareness and training program has also reached 1,296 people (843 women and 437 men), promoting the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices across the region.

![Narino-2025-1.png](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Narino_2025_1_2379b4ef3b.png)

## Carbon Projection Verification by Bureau Veritas

### Why Model the Carbon Sequestration of a Project?

Since 2023, Reforest’Action has relied on a method and simulator for ex-ante carbon sequestration modeling (before the sequestration actually occurs) to estimate the carbon storage potential of projects over 30 years. This projection helps optimize project design to maximize climate impact.

The method and tool were validated by Bureau Veritas Certification in October 2023. They comply with key voluntary carbon market criteria, based on international standards also required under Article 147 of the French Climate and Resilience Law. Bureau Veritas is authorized to verify ex-ante calculations produced by the Reforest’Action simulator, providing third-party credibility.

Using field and remote-sensing data, a post-implementation audit (minimum 5 years after planting) will verify that actual sequestration aligns with initial estimates. This ex-post evaluation is also conducted by Bureau Veritas.

### The Nariño Project: A Verified Carbon Projection

In autumn 2025, Bureau Veritas verified the 30-year carbon sequestration projection for the Nariño project.

The audit verified:
- **Quantification**: Carbon is quantified using a tool verified by Bureau Veritas in 2023, in accordance with ISO 14064-3:2019.  
- **Additionality**: Sequestration would not occur without the project, confirmed through comparison with a baseline scenario.  
- **Permanence**: A risk mitigation plan and a 20% buffer ensure long-term carbon storage.  
- **Verifiability**: Data transparency is guaranteed.  
- **Sustainability**: A multifunctional design maximizes environmental and socioeconomic benefits.  
- **Uniqueness**: The project is recorded in an internal registry ensuring traceability.

The audit confirmed the initial projection of 36,000 tCO₂ sequestered over 30 years for two planting seasons (2022–2024).

After five years, an independent third-party audit will verify on-the-ground implementation, ecosystem health, and project durability.

### What Is the Benefit for Project Funders?

Parce que les actions de séquestration carbone ne se limitent pas à l’achat de crédits sur le marché volontaire, les Solutions fondées sur la Nature dont les actions génèrent des séquestrations additionnelles peuvent être comptabilisées dans la contribution au pilier C de la Net Zero Initiative, à condition que leur impact puisse être quantifié via des méthodes robustes.

**With a 30-year carbon projection validated by Bureau Veritas, an independent audit planned at 5 years, and co-benefits for biodiversity and communities, the Nariño project fully meets transparency and ESG reporting needs (CSRD, SBTi, CDP…) within voluntary climate contribution strategies.**

![Narino-2025-4.jpg](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Narino_2025_4_7e075db785.jpg)

## Biodiversity Impact Certification by The Global Biodiversity Standard

### Why Certify a Biodiversity Restoration Project?

High-quality forest and agroforestry projects generate strong co-benefits for biodiversity, climate, soil health, water resources, and local communities. The Global Biodiversity Standard (TGBS) is currently the most robust international standard assessing biodiversity and ecosystem integrity improvements. Certification ensures that biodiversity considerations are fully integrated into ecosystem restoration projects.

### L’exemple du projet Nariño : un projet à l’impact biodiversité certifié

In early 2025, a “pilot” area of the Nariño project entered the TGBS certification process—first through remote analysis using satellite tools, then through an on-site audit conducted by a certified auditor and three local or partner experts (specialized in fauna, flora, and socioeconomic impact).

Assessment included:
- Measurement of biodiversity changes using the Ecological Regeneration Wheel (Society for Ecological Restoration).  
- Evaluation of adaptive management measures (UN Decade standards).  
- Assessment of protection levels (aligned with IUCN categories).  
- Evaluation of socioeconomic impacts (SER Social Benefits Wheel).

The pilot area received a score of 6.84/10 (with the certification threshold at 5), earning TGBS certification in January 2025. The full project area will be eligible for certification after 5 years of activity.

### What Is the Benefit for Project Funders?

Healthy ecosystems help mitigate climate change and enable human societies to adapt to its consequences. TGBS certification is not an end in itself but a means to restore ecosystems. It is only awarded to projects that bring about a real improvement in the ecosystem compared to its initial state, and not just to initiatives that have an impact on biodiversity.
 
In this regard, it is fully in line with Reforest'Action's mission to ensure, through its impact management process, that projects contribute to the stability and sustainability of restored forest and agroforestry ecosystems.

**Under The Global Biodiversity Standard, the Nariño project strengthens funders’ credibility, demonstrates genuine biodiversity commitment, and provides a competitive environmental responsibility advantage.**

![Narino-2025-6.jpg](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Narino_2025_6_dea07c7da0.jpg)

**By combining a carbon modeling approach validated by Bureau Veritas with TGBS biodiversity certification, the Nariño project stands out as a model of rigor and integrity in ecological restoration. It demonstrates Reforest’Action’s ability to design and manage projects grounded in verifiable data, integrating multiple benefits for the climate, ecosystems, and local communities. For companies committed to Net Zero pathways, supporting the Nariño project represents a strategic opportunity: contributing to a project aligned with international frameworks means investing in measurable, long-lasting climate action and taking part in an exemplary voluntary carbon-contribution strategy. Continuing the restoration of the Páramos now requires new funding to reinforce the positive impacts already demonstrated. [Contact us!](https://www.reforestaction.com/en/contact)**



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Colombia: a project verified by Bureau Veritas and certified by The Global Biodiversity Standard

**After four years of suspension, Indonesia is finally reopening the door to international carbon credit trading. This major regulatory shift could position the country as a strategic hub of the global carbon market—at the crossroads of sovereignty, transparency, and ecological transition. The timing is particularly significant for Reforest’Action’s carbon project on the island of Sumba, Indonesia.**

## Indonesia’s carbon market: a gradual structuring

### A moratorium to regain control

In 2021, Indonesia decided to suspend all carbon credit exports. Behind this move lay a clear political intention: to regain control over a booming market where some projects—particularly those linked to avoided deforestation (REDD+)—had raised concerns regarding their integrity and the fair distribution of benefits.
The moratorium, presented as a temporary measure, was designed to give the government time to develop a robust domestic regulatory framework.

### Building a domestic market, step by step

In the years that followed, Indonesian authorities began structuring a national carbon market. Initially designed around the compliance market, this framework provided little visibility for actors in the voluntary carbon market (VCM) or for project developers seeking to rely on international standards such as Gold Standard or Verra.

The launch of the Indonesian carbon exchange, IDX Carbon, in January 2025 marked an important milestone. For the first time, international actors were allowed to participate—although trading remained limited to “tech-based” credits from emission reduction technologies such as renewable energy or energy efficiency. 

### Mutual Recognition Agreements: the key to openness

From spring 2025 onwards, the Indonesian government accelerated its efforts. A series of Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRAs) signaled a new direction: opening up to international standards, but under controlled conditions.

A Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA) is a formal understanding between a country and an international carbon certification standard such as Verra or Gold Standard. In practice, it allows the state to officially recognize credits certified under these standards, while requiring projects to be registered on the national platform. It is therefore both a cooperation and oversight tool—facilitating international credit trade while maintaining the host country’s regulatory sovereignty.

In 2025, Indonesia signed several MRAs—first with Gold Standard in May, then with Verra in October. These agreements mark a paradigm shift: Indonesia is choosing regulated cooperation over administrative isolation.

## Lifting of the Indonesian moratorium: a turning point for the carbon market

### October 2025: A Decisive Step Forward

On October 10, 2025, a new presidential regulation revoked the 2021 decree and once again authorized international sales of carbon credits. The new regulation officially opens the Indonesian market to the voluntary sector, recognizes international standards, and—most notably—allows for optional use of Corresponding Adjustments depending on project type.
Corresponding Adjustments (CAs) are an accounting mechanism stemming from Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. They aim to prevent double counting of emission reductions: when a country exports a carbon credit, it must subtract that reduction from its own climate commitments, ensuring that the same credit is not counted twice (once by the seller country and once by the buyer). By allowing optional CAs, Indonesia now enables both state-to-state and private-sector transactions—offering flexibility while remaining aligned with international transparency principles.

Ahead of COP30, further guidelines are expected, particularly regarding the Verra agreement. By October 2026, additional regulations will define fiscal regimes, buffer mechanisms, and other technical parameters.

### A thriving market and a strong signal to investors

The reopening of Indonesia’s carbon market has generated strong international enthusiasm. Investors view this as a sign of regulatory maturity and a strategic opportunity: a major forested country, rich in biodiversity, is opening to global cooperation while establishing strong safeguards.

For Indonesia, the stakes are twofold: attracting the international financing needed to meet its climate goals, while ensuring equitable benefit-sharing with local communities and ecosystems.

For actors in the voluntary reforestation market, this evolution opens new horizons. Project developers can now pursue hybrid approaches—combining international certification with local transparency and monitoring requirements.

Buyers, in turn, benefit from improved traceability and stronger regulatory security—two essential pillars for market credibility.


**Indonesia today exemplifies a broader global trend: that of Global South countries reclaiming ownership of their natural resources while actively engaging in international carbon markets.
This strategy of “sovereign openness” could inspire other forest nations ahead of COP30 and help redefine the long-term rules of the global carbon market.
Reforest’Action offers a high-integrity carbon project on the island of Sumba, Indonesia, adaptable to multiple investment models to best align with your climate strategy. [Discover the project’s full added value by contacting one of our experts.](https://www.reforestaction.com/en/contact)**

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Indonesia: a new momentum for the carbon market

**As [COP30](https://www.reforestaction.com/magazine/cop-30-solutions-fondees-nature) approaches, Stéphane Hallaire, President and Founder of Reforest’Action, takes on the presidency of the Nature+ Coalition — a new international alliance bringing together project developers, companies and stakeholders to promote Nature-based Solutions within global climate discussions and regulatory frameworks.**

## A global initiative for Nature-based Solutions

Co-founded in October 2025 by Reforest’Action, SE Advisory Services, La Belle Forêt, aDryada and StockCO2, the [Nature+ Coalition](https://naturepluscoalition.org/) aims to give actors committed to preserving and restoring natural ecosystems a unified, stronger and more influential voice within international climate negotiations and discussions relating to carbon markets.

It also seeks to bring together companies that wish to gain strategic insights into the latest political and regulatory developments — particularly those concerning Article 6 of the Paris Agreement and European initiatives such as the Carbon Removal Certification Framework (CRCF). This knowledge will help investors anticipate future regulations and strengthen their climate strategies.

The coalition advocates for the recognition of Nature-based Solutions within carbon markets by contributing proposals on regulatory notions that remain ill-defined, such as the permanence of carbon credits and high-integrity criteria. The founding members call for quality standards that encompass climate issues, biodiversity and socio-economic impacts, reflecting the multifunctional nature of protected and/or restored ecosystems.

## Climate emergency and insufficient funding

In 2024, 8.1 million hectares of forests were lost worldwide according to the [FAO](https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/d0fa9fbf-e6c3-466c-b5ec-ab5b0480be9e/content/cd6709fr.html) — an area equivalent to half the size of England. Yet, funding directed towards forest restoration remains critically insufficient.

The latest United Nations [report on forest financing](https://www.unep.org/resources/report/state-finance-forests-2025), published in October 2025, highlights that annual investments should more than triple — rising from 84 billion dollars in 2023 to 300 billion by 2030 — to meet the environmental and climate objectives of the Paris Agreement.

According to the Copernicus Global Climate Report, the average global temperature in 2024 was 1.55°C higher than in the pre-industrial period. While 196 states signed the Paris Agreement pledging to limit global warming to 2°C, or preferably 1.5°C by 2100, current trends show a significant deviation from these goals. 

If these trends continue, the world’s GDP could drop by as much as 23% by 2050, according to a [recent report](https://www.systemiq.earth/the-returns-on-resilience/) by Systemiq Earth.

## Political and regulatory uncertainty

These figures underscore the urgent need for coordinated international action. Yet, global policies and regulations continue to show more weak signals than tangible implementation.

As COP30 nears, only 28% of countries have submitted new national biodiversity strategies, while major greenhouse gas emitters such as China have set insufficient targets or even withdrawn from certain climate initiatives — notably the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement. Meanwhile, the European Union adopted its 2035 emission reduction range at the last minute and remains one of the world’s main contributors to [imported deforestation](https://www.reforestaction.com/en/magazine/european-law-deforestation).

In this context, the Nature+ Coalition seeks to form a collective advocacy platform ensuring that the voice of Nature-based Solutions is fully represented in policy and regulatory decisions, particularly concerning international carbon markets.

## Opportunities for decision-makers

In its initial phase, the Nature+ Coalition will focus on two major advocacy pillars: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement and the Carbon Removal Certification Framework (CRCF). Both frameworks represent unprecedented opportunities to recognise the essential role of carbon markets and investments in Nature-based Solutions in achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement.

### Article 6 of the Paris Agreement
Article 6 establishes a framework for international cooperation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions more effectively, through market mechanisms allowing countries to exchange emission reductions (ITMOs) with transparency and single accounting guarantees, and through non-market mechanisms supporting technology transfer, financing and knowledge sharing for sustainable development.

**In this context, the Nature+ Coalition advocates for methodological criteria that ensure the inclusion of Nature-based Solutions — which must not be overlooked in favour of technological carbon capture methods. Article 6.4, discussed at COP30, could provide a clearer and more transparent framework for mobilising private funds to protect natural ecosystems. It aims to structure a global carbon market based on common high-integrity standards, systematically embedding benefits for biodiversity, ecosystems and human communities, as well as the central concept of permanence to ensure lasting impacts.**

### The Carbon Removal Certification Framework (CRCF)
The CRCF is a European initiative that establishes a common certification framework for carbon removals and reductions across EU member states, covering both Nature-based Solutions (such as tree planting, soil restoration, regenerative agriculture, sustainable forest management) and technological carbon capture and storage (BECCS, direct air capture, etc.). The first delegated acts will enable the deployment of CRCF methodologies and projects by 2026.

**Once again, the Nature+ Coalition emphasises the need to integrate precise high-integrity criteria, particularly those generating tangible and lasting benefits for biodiversity — beyond carbon sequestration and the ‘do no significant harm’ approach currently proposed by the European Commission.**

### The EU’s 2040 Emission Reduction Target
In July 2025, the European Commission proposed allowing EU member states to meet up to 3% of their 2040 target with high-quality carbon credits purchased on the global market. In November 2025, EU member states adopted the goal of reducing emissions by 90% by 2040 (compared to 1990 levels), with significant flexibilities — including the use of up to 5% of international carbon credits, and an option to further increase this by another 5 percentage points.

**This decision sends a strong signal that will significantly increase demand for international carbon credits. The Nature+ Coalition will ensure that the eligibility criteria for these projects are transparent and aligned with best practices in quality and integrity, providing a robust framework for both European countries and project host nations.**

![Stephane-Hallaire-ONU.jpg](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Stephane_Hallaire_ONU_7d8bcce94e.jpg)
Stéphane Hallaire, Founder of Reforest'Action and President of the Nature+ Coalition, during his speech at the UN Forum on Forests in 2023


**The Nature+ Coalition’s main mission is to fully integrate biodiversity considerations into projects and initiatives impacting carbon markets, and to promote Nature-based Solutions among international and European decision-makers.
For companies, joining the coalition offers a unique opportunity to strengthen their Net Zero strategies by participating in a just climate transition — grounded in transparency, robust standards and regulations, and ensuring genuine co-benefits for the environment and human communities.
[Join us!](https://naturepluscoalition.org/join) Together, let’s accelerate the large-scale deployment of ecosystem restoration and conservation initiatives, and make Nature-based Solutions a tangible lever to achieve the objectives of the Paris Agreement.**


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Nature+ Coalition: Putting nature at the heart of climate action

**From November 10 to 21, 2025, Belém—the gateway to the Brazilian Amazon—will host the 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). For Reforest’Action, this edition must mark a turning point and drive the implementation of concrete solutions. Ten years after the Paris Agreement, COP30 offers a unique opportunity to place Nature-based Solutions at the heart of the global response to the climate and biodiversity crises.** 

![Visuel-COP-30-RA.jpg](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Visuel_COP_30_RA_80a4a65970.jpg)

## A global context of climate emergency

In 2024, the global average temperature was 1.55°C higher than in the pre-industrial era, even though the 196 signatories of the Paris Agreement pledged to limit temperature rise to 2°C—or ideally 1.5°C—by 2100, in order to prevent the Earth from reaching irreversible tipping points.

In the face of mounting climate disruptions—ranging from global warming and shifting rainfall patterns to the intensification of extreme weather events—as well as delays in implementing [Zero Deforestation](https://www.reforestaction.com/en/magazine/european-law-deforestation) commitments and the persistent lack of funding for the protection and restoration of natural ecosystems, COP30 aims to position itself as a “COP of implementation.”

The objective is clear: to accelerate the concrete translation of climate pledges into national policies and local actions. The Brazilian presidency has already called for “a new alliance between humanity and nature,” echoing Reforest’Action’s mission to promote the large-scale deployment of [Nature-based Solutions](https://www.reforestaction.com/en/magazine/what-are-nature-based-solutions).

According to the IPBES, such solutions could represent up to 37% of the climate change mitigation measures needed by 2030 to keep global warming below 2°C—provided that all stakeholders are actively involved.

![Capture d’écran 2025-10-28 à 15.25.48.png](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Capture_d_ecran_2025_10_28_a_15_25_48_3ab5c9b483.png)
 
## Ecosystem restoration at the heart of climate pathways

Within the agenda of upcoming discussions, COP30 is expected to place a strong focus on degraded ecosystems and deforestation-related challenges, while integrating ecosystem restoration into countries’ Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). These NDCs, which embody each nation’s efforts to reduce emissions and adapt to climate change impacts, must be updated before 2030.

For the first time, the talks in Belém are also expected to address the global assessment of natural carbon sinks, in order to evaluate their true contribution to achieving planetary carbon neutrality. The goal: to recognize natural ecosystems not only as carbon sinks, but as full-fledged solutions to today’s societal challenges, such as:

- Reducing natural disaster risks
- Fostering socio-economic development
- Ensuring food security
- Securing water and energy supply
- Promoting health and well-being for all
- Helping territories adapt to climate change
- Mitigating its effects on populations (rising sea levels, wildfires, heatwaves, etc.)

As Nature-based Solutions remain a key lever for helping societies adapt to climate change, the establishment of indicators for the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA)—adopted during COP28—will also be a major topic in Belém. These indicators aim to track and measure countries’ progress in adapting to increasingly extreme weather events.

## Mobilizing funding commensurate with the environmental emergency

In Belém, the international community will also discuss new mechanisms to strengthen financial flows toward Nature-based Solutions — including climate funds, public-private partnerships, high-integrity carbon markets, and incentives for sustainable forest management.
 
![Capture d’écran 2025-10-28 à 15.25.35.png](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Capture_d_ecran_2025_10_28_a_15_25_35_3ef1f5d33b.png)

In this regard, Reforest’Action advocates that carbon credits generated from restoration efforts should not be viewed merely as offsets. [Carbon finance](https://www.reforestaction.com/en/magazine/three-reasons-to-plan-your-offset-strategy-today) must operate within frameworks of [integrity](https://www.reforestaction.com/en/magazine/identifying-high-integrity-carbon-projects) and transparency, ensuring tangible environmental, social, and economic benefits.

## Including local communities to develop tailored and lasting solutions

As host country of COP30, Brazil has made social inclusion and the recognition of Indigenous peoples a cornerstone of its presidency. [Reforest’Action shares this conviction](https://www.reforestaction.com/en/magazine/include-local-communities-to-develop-adapted-sustainable-project): restoration can only succeed when driven by local stakeholders. Projects must be co-created, respect land rights, and generate shared benefits. COP30 will therefore be an opportunity to highlight the importance of monitoring, capacity-building, and inclusive participation of Indigenous peoples, local communities, and women in ecosystem restoration initiatives.

## Strengthening nature-based value chains

Discussions in Belém will also address the sustainability of food systems and the urgent need to transition from conventional agriculture to regenerative practices. As natural resource shortages and extreme weather events rank among the top five environmental risks of the coming decade, the development of [regenerative agriculture](https://www.reforestaction.com/en/regenerative-agriculture)—built on three complementary pillars (crop management, soil management, and agroforestry)—offers a unique opportunity to tackle environmental challenges while securing raw material supplies and supporting food security.

## Transparency and impact measurement: the keys to responsible implementation

A cross-cutting priority of COP30 lies in the measurement and transparency of results. To accelerate and scale up the implementation of high-quality Nature-based Solutions, robust tools are needed to monitor the stability and health of restored ecosystems. Impact measurement is therefore essential to track and demonstrate the outcomes and benefits of these solutions for the climate, biodiversity, and local communities.

This priority echoes Reforest’Action’s impact management approach, designed to meet both project development needs and investor expectations—particularly in terms of transparency and traceability.

**COP30 is taking place in an emergency context and must encourage the development of Nature-based Solutions to help meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and direct greater funding toward ecosystem restoration. At the same time, reducing anthropogenic CO₂ emissions by 43% by 2030 remains more crucial than ever to combat climate change. In the lead-up to COP30, would you like to discuss your climate strategy with our experts and explore Nature-based carbon credits as part of your approach? [Click here to get started!](https://www.reforestaction.com/en/contact)**

![Quote-SHA-FR.png](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Quote_SHA_FR_6646d92389.png)



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COP30: Nature-based solutions as a key driver for action?

**As the European Commission proposed, at the end of September 2025, to postpone by another year the entry into force of the European Regulation on Deforestation-Free Products (EUDR), before backtracking on October 21, Reforest’Action reiterates the urgent need to tackle imported deforestation within the European Union and to act collectively to protect and restore the world’s forests. Both actions are essential and together represent a significant part of the solution to the climate and biodiversity crises.**

## A Global Emergency: The Unfulfilled Commitment to End Deforestation

Over the past fifteen years, international commitments stressing the urgency of environmental preservation — with forests as a central pillar — have multiplied. From the Bonn Challenge (2011) and the New York Declaration on Forests (2014) to the IPCC report (2018) and the Glasgow Leaders’ Declaration on Forests (2021), world leaders from more than 140 countries have pledged to halt and reverse deforestation by 2030.

Yet despite these pledges, global deforestation continues to accelerate. According to the World Resources Institute, the planet lost 6.7 million hectares of primary tropical forest in 2024, nearly double the 2023 figure. In total, 8.1 million hectares of forest disappeared worldwide last year — an area equivalent to half of England — representing a 5% increase in forest cover loss compared to the previous year.

To meet the global goal of zero deforestation by 2030, annual forest loss must decline by 20%, starting now. As voluntary commitments have proven insufficient, a binding legal framework is now indispensable.

## The European Union: A Major Driver of Imported Deforestation

Imported deforestation refers to the destruction of natural ecosystems resulting from the production of agricultural or forest-based commodities destined for international markets. The main commodities concerned include soy, palm oil, and beef, followed by wood products, cocoa, and coffee. The environmental impacts of this consumption are concentrated primarily in South America (Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay) and Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia).

According to the WWF report “The continuing impact of EU consumption on nature worldwide”, EU imports caused the destruction of 3.5 million hectares of forest between 2005 and 2017 — representing 1.8 billion tonnes of CO₂, or 40% of the EU’s annual emissions.

While deforestation linked to EU imports fell by about 40% over the same period, the EU remained responsible for 16% of global trade-related deforestation in 2017 — equivalent to 203,000 hectares and 116 million tonnes of CO₂. Only China (24%) ranks higher, followed by India (9%), the United States (7%), and Japan (5%).

Beyond its climate impact, imported deforestation also violates the rights of local communities and Indigenous peoples, whose territories are often converted into agricultural land. It is also linked to at least one-third of global biodiversity loss (IPBES Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, 2019).

## A Decade of Voluntary Commitments: Efforts Still Falling Short

In response to this alarming trend, numerous initiatives have emerged over the past decade — from international declarations to private-sector “zero deforestation” pledges. However, these voluntary approaches have shown their limits.

The 2024 CDP report Deforestation- and Conversion-Free Supply Chains revealed that few companies have achieved full traceability across their supply chains. To remain aligned with a 1.5°C climate pathway, companies should have eliminated deforestation and ecosystem conversion by 2025 and achieved zero conversion by 2030.

Yet only a coherent and binding European regulation can deliver the necessary scale of change.

## European law against deforestation: a Major Step Forward, Undermined by Delays

The European Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), adopted on June 9, 2023, represents a historic milestone. It aims to ban the sale of products on the EU market that have contributed to deforestation or forest degradation after December 31, 2020.
The regulation covers seven key commodities — coffee, cocoa, rubber, palm oil, soy, beef, and wood — as well as related products such as leather, charcoal, and printed paper.

### Strong Requirements for Traceability and Transparency
Under the regulation, companies must ensure that products sold in the EU are at no or negligible risk of deforestation. They must:
•	precisely geolocate the origin of their products down to the production plot;
•	demonstrate legality in the country of origin and absence of links to deforestation or forest degradation;
•	conduct due diligence before placing goods on the market.
These measures aim to set a new standard: deforestation-free, fully traceable supply chains.

### A Robust Framework, Still in Need of Improvement
According to WWF, the regulation provides a solid foundation, but several improvements are needed:
•	Include all natural ecosystems — such as savannas, wetlands, and mangroves — which are often excluded;
•	Expand coverage to all relevant derived products, based on scientific criteria;
•	Guarantee human rights protections, including the free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) of Indigenous peoples;
•	Avoid exemptions such as simplified due diligence for certain countries or companies.

### Concerning Delays
Initially scheduled to apply at the end of 2024 (and mid-2025 for SMEs), the law was first delayed to late 2025. A second postponement, justified by a lack of preparation on the part of Member States and operators, was announced in September 2025, before the European Commission finally backtracked on October 21, 2025, proposing to maintain the regulation's entry into force on December 31, 2025, for large companies.
For Reforest'Action, it is crucial that European institutions respect the date of application of the regulation and support its implementation.

## Acting Collectively for Deforestation-Free Value Chains

The European regulation is a major step forward — but it will only succeed if accompanied by collective action from all economic and political actors.
Businesses, in particular, play a decisive role in the transition toward sustainable supply chains.

Zero deforestation and zero conversion must no longer be distant targets, but immediate requirements. Agricultural and forest-based products can only be considered sustainable if they originate from production units that have not converted natural ecosystems since December 31, 2020.

The success of the EUDR will depend on:
•	transparent supply chains;
•	cooperation between producer and importer countries;
•	training and support for smallholders, who are often the most vulnerable to new compliance requirements;
•	rigorous enforcement and effective penalties for violators.

Finally, combating imported deforestation must go hand in hand with a strategy to restore degraded forests and to develop regenerative agriculture projects within corporate value chains.

![cacao-zero-deforestation.png](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/cacao_zero_deforestation_eef6563886.png)

**The European law against imported deforestation is more than just a legal instrument — it is a lever for systemic transformation. It reflects the European Union’s acknowledgment of its role in global deforestation and its capacity to act to end it. In the face of the climate and ecological emergency, Reforest’Action calls for steadfast commitment and strong support for businesses on their journey toward more responsible value chains. Would you like to improve your sourcing practices to secure your supply and meet your sustainability goals? [Contact us to start the conversation!](https://www.reforestaction.com/en/contact)**


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Fighting Imported Deforestation: The European Law Is Urgent and Necessary

**In West Africa, where the agricultural sector provides income for nearly 60% of the working population, 90% of the calories consumed are produced locally. The health, diversity, and sustainability of agricultural systems are therefore of
crucial importance, both for the food security of local communities and for the generation of equitable incomes.** 

**How can we enable farming communities to strengthen their resilience, gain autonomy, and adapt to climate change, which directly impacts their food crops and cash crops such as cocoa, cashews, and coffee? Concrete solutions are being developed through agroforestry projects such as [Avé Ga in Togo](https://info.reforestaction.com/ave-ga-narrative-report), designed to restore 15,750 hectares of land and sequester 6.2 million tons of CO2 equivalent.**

**As Senior Carbon Manager, Pauline Vialatte is responsible for developing carbon sequestration projects at Reforest'Action. From design to coordination of activities and impact monitoring, her engineering expertise is being put to good use in the Avé Ga project, which is currently in the process of being certified by the Verra international carbon standard. Read her interview.**

![Ave-Ga-ReforestAction-3.png](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Ave_Ga_Reforest_Action_3_f7ddbaa31e.png)

### What expertise does Reforest’Action have in developing projects certified by international carbon standards? 

**Pauline Vialatte** : As a developer of high-integrity projects certified by international carbon standards, Reforest’Action oversees the entire process of developing and certifying projects such as Avé Ga in Togo. We are also responsible for selling the carbon credits generated by the project to companies that are required, under the SBTi Net Zero Standard, to reduce their emissions by at least 90% by 2050, or to natural capital investment funds. There is therefore close synergy between our engineering activities in the field, our experience in seeking financing and providing tailored support to investors, and our financial and legal expertise in the service of robust governance.

### What internal skills are being mobilised for the development of the Avé Ga project in particular?

**Pauline Vialatte** : As part of the Avé Ga project, we are providing specific expertise in the areas of carbon, finance, and legal matters in order to address both the needs of investors and the requirements of carbon certification, while ensuring that the project guarantees a high level of environmental and social integrity. This includes co-designing the project with the field-based Project Implementer, eligibility and additionality analysis and ex-ante carbon sequestration modeling, the development of a robust business model, and ensuring that the project complies with the certification framework. 

We also deploy all our operational expertise gained from more than 15 years of experience in developing and monitoring reforestation and agroforestry projects, from supervising all project activities in the field to steering and adaptively managing the project's operational and financial performance through close monitoring with the Project Implementer and a reporting framework established at the start of the project.

In short, Reforest’Action’s expertise enables the financers of the Avé Ga project to secure their investments, reduce risks and strengthen their impact on the climate, biodiversity and local communities through a nature-based, high-integrity carbon sequestration project.

[![BanniereCTATOGOEN.jpg](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Banniere_CTATOGOEN_5e9289e56f.jpg)](https://info.reforestaction.com/ave-ga-narrative-report)

### How does the project generate fundamental benefits for ecosystems and local communities? 

**Pauline Vialatte** : The Avé Ga project aims to restore ecosystems by reversing land degradation, diversifying tree species and improving environmental conditions through the deployment of five different planting models. The fundamental benefits of the project include mitigating climate change through carbon sequestration in biomass and soil, as well as restoring biodiversity, in particular by promoting four tree species classified as threatened by the IUCN. Avé Ga also supports sustainable agricultural practices, helps to strengthen food security in communities, diversify agricultural production and improve access to markets. Training and awareness-raising activities for communities will improve their technical knowledge, while encouraging their participation in decision-making through inclusive development and the creation of sustainable jobs.

![Ave-Ga-ReforestAction-7.png](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Ave_Ga_Reforest_Action_7_88c0390d68.png)

### How does the project enable additional carbon sequestration?

**Pauline Vialatte** : Additionality is an essential factor that ensures that CO2 absorption would not occur without the implementation of the project. The criteria for demonstrating additionality require proof that the funds obtained are essential to the viability of the project. In the case of Avé Ga, project activities are carried out on land dedicated to agricultural production, which in the project area commonly involves slash-and-burn farming. In their initial state, the plots are therefore subject to cycles of degradation, making natural vegetation regeneration impossible, with a baseline scenario where the average carbon stock is very low. The development of agroforestry as part of the project will thus enable additional carbon sequestration compared to maintaining conventional agriculture.

![Ave-Ga-ReforestAction-8.png](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Ave_Ga_Reforest_Action_8_1adbde5820.png)

### How does the project meet the requirements for transparency and traceability?

**Pauline Vialatte** : Transparency is essential to guarantee the integrity of the project. As part of the Avé Ga project, all carbon sequestration modelling assumptions and all financial modelling are shared with investors. Similarly, the reporting framework (relevant indicators, frequency) is developed jointly with them. At the same time, we require monthly financial and operational reporting from the Project Implementer throughout the deployment phase of the activities. In addition, the demonstration of the impacts generated by the project, made available to the auditor and the certification standard, includes complete traceability of the raw data collected in the field up to the aggregated results, thus enabling their verification.

### How will the impacts generated by the project be monitored and measured?

**Pauline Vialatte** : Project monitoring involves both operational monitoring, to ensure the effectiveness of field operations, and impact monitoring, to ensure that the objectives set for the selected fundamental benefits are achieved, in accordance with the CCB (Climate, Community & Biodiversity) standard framework. The project monitoring plan is therefore based on various indicators, each of which is defined with units, methods, quality control processes, references, objectives and monitoring frequency, in accordance with the requirements of the VM0047 methodology and the ABACUS label. A preliminary monitoring plan was drawn up during the feasibility study and will be refined during the project preparation phase. Carbon sequestration will be measured using remote sensing, field inventories of biomass and soil organic carbon, as prescribed by the VM0047 methodology, and the collection and laboratory analysis of statistically representative soil samples.

![Ave-Ga-ReforestAction-1.png](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Ave_Ga_Reforest_Action_1_81736240a2.png)

### What strategy is in place to mitigate the specific risks associated with the field?

**Pauline Vialatte** : It is essential to analyse and understand the risks (natural risks, internal risks related to the implementation of project activities, risks related to the organisations implementing the project, risks related to high conservation values*, etc.), as these factors directly influence the sustainability of the project, the achievement of the expected impacts and the return on investment. To this end, Reforest’Action has developed a step-by-step risk management process, which is applied in parallel with project development. This process includes conducting due diligence during the project study phases and developing a risk management plan during the project preparation phase, which will be implemented and updated throughout the 40 years of project implementation.

### How can the project’s permanence be maximised?

**Pauline Vialatte** : The Avé Ga project has a carbon credit issuance period of 36 years and a lifespan of 40 years, which corresponds to the duration of the agreements concluded with landowners. Monitoring covers the 36-year credit generation period, plus 7 years of permanence monitoring by remote sensing. However, the project aims for long-term permanence, well beyond 40 years, by sustainably transforming traditional slash-and-burn agricultural practices into forestry and agroforestry systems. This objective will be achieved through training (in agroforestry techniques and farmer-managed natural regeneration) and the empowerment of local communities so that they can, in the medium term, take ownership of the project and ensure its permanence by benefiting from socio-economic advantages, such as the creation and development of agricultural cooperatives, which will help to anchor the project sustainably in the local economy.

![Ave-Ga-ReforestAction-6.png](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Ave_Ga_Reforest_Action_6_882e0b01a5.png)

### How does the Avé Ga project meet all the criteria for a high integrity nature-based carbon sequestration project?

**Pauline Vialatte** : Avé Ga is a high-integrity carbon sequestration project in that it aims not only to create carbon sinks, but also to maximise environmental and socio-economic impacts on local communities. Through a robust, sustainable design adapted to local challenges and a proactive management process for unavoidable variables, Avé Ga meets the highest quality standards in terms of climate, biodiversity and community inclusion. The multifunctional project is able to support its investors’ climate strategy while contributing to the quality and reliability of the voluntary carbon market through transparency, traceability, inclusive decision-making and equitable value distribution. 

<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/qqPkGMqyeG0?si=72NzgwyoOfjUrKN7" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>


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Togo: our expertise at the service of a high-integrity carbon project

**Reforest'Action's expertise in developing projects certified by international carbon standards is based on a dedicated team with complementary skills, specialized know-how and specific experience in each field.** 

**A close synergy is at work between our engineering skills in the field, our experience in raising financing and providing tailor-made support for investors, and our financial and legal expertise in the service of robust governance. In this way, we collectively ensure that our nature-based carbon sequestration projects meet the most stringent integrity criteria, to support both the needs of investors and the requirements of carbon certification.** 

**Meet 5 of the key profiles who make up this combined expertise, and who contribute to making Reforest'Action one of the most recognized and reliable players in the voluntary carbon market today.**


## Developing sequestration projects while maximizing fundamental benefits

### Sabrina, Senior Carbon Project Manager

High-integrity carbon sequestration projects aim not only to create carbon sinks, but also to maximize environmental and socio-economic impacts on local communities, while identifying potential risks associated with each project and ensuring their mitigation.

As Senior Carbon Project Manager, Sabrina is responsible for developing carbon sequestration projects, particularly in Africa and Southeast Asia. From the origination of potential projects to their design, coordination, monitoring, and mitigation of related risks, her engineering expertise is used to develop projects with a robust, sustainable design that is adapted to local issues.
 
One of the key aspects of her role is finding trusted partners in the field and establishing close, long-lasting working relationships between Reforest'Action and local project implementers, which is essential for developing high-integrity projects. Thanks to her experience in designing agroforestry and reforestation projects in tropical areas, Sabrina brings a more global vision to the teams in the field, which maximizes the fundamental social and environmental benefits generated by the projects, aligns their design with the various certification standards, fine-tunes project objectives to take into account investor expectations, and ensures financial balance through ongoing budget management.

Because project monitoring is essential, Sabrina also co-develops and oversees monitoring plans in collaboration with project implementers. This monitoring involves both operational monitoring, to ensure the effectiveness of operations in the field, and impact monitoring, to ensure that the objectives set for the selected fundamental benefits are achieved, particularly within the four pillars of impact defined by Reforest'Action: climate, biodiversity, soil and water systems, and the socio-economic sphere. The underlying objective of this initial monitoring is to enable local communities, in the medium term, to take ownership of the project and benefit from the establishment of sustainable governance, as well as a system for the equitable distribution of monetary and non-monetary benefits among the project's stakeholders (benefit sharing).

Sabrina is also responsible for the entire certification process for the projects she develops. Her ongoing monitoring of market conditions, major international agreements and the position of governments on the regulatory framework for the carbon market is complemented by her in-depth knowledge of standards, methodologies, eligibility criteria and additionality, which enables her to save time and target the right carbon certification framework in line with investors' needs from the project feasibility study stage.

![Sabrina-Giorgi.jpg](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Sabrina_Giorgi_b21702ac75.jpg)

## Maintain in-depth knowledge of the field to optimize permanence
 

### Hugo, Remote sensing & GIS Analyst

Maximizing project permanence is a crucial issue in large-scale ecosystem restoration. It is essential to analyze and understand the specific challenges and risks of the project area, as these factors directly influence the sustainability of the activities implemented, the achievement of the expected impacts, and the return on financial investments. 

As a remote sensing and geomatics (GIS) analyst, Hugo carries out continuous analyses of the project area and the local context prior to the development of each project, as well as during their implementation and long-term monitoring phase.

He creates various maps that enable him to acquire and maintain in-depth knowledge of the landscape matrix and the challenges of the project area, using remote sensing data: biome maps, administrative maps, forest cover connectivity maps, land use maps, vegetation indices, biomass density indices, etc.
 
Hugo also conducts geospatial analyses to demonstrate the absence of risks (deforestation, fires, floods, etc.) in the project area, or to study potential risks in order to better mitigate them as part of a mitigation plan. All of this remote sensing and geomatics work is therefore crucial to contextualize the project, understand the specific challenges of its ecosystem type, and optimize the permanence of the restored ecosystems.
 
Hugo's expertise is also applied to the regular monitoring of the project's control plots, on which the reference scenario is based, in order to take into account their natural evolution over time. This benchmark performance protocol thus ensures a dynamic, rather than static, reference scenario, in line with the new VM 0047 certification methodology of the Verra standard. Regular updating of the baseline, compared to the project scenario, allows for greater rigor and accuracy in assessing the impacts generated by the project, and thus constitutes a valuable tool for project design and monitoring, increasing the effectiveness of our activities and providing even greater transparency to investors in terms of results.

![Hugo-Treuil-Dussouet-2.jpg](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Hugo_Treuil_Dussouet_2_c4cbfb3ed3.jpg)

## Supporting investors in securing high-integrity carbon credits

### Flora, Senior Carbon Sales Advisor

Nature-based solutions account for one-third of the mitigation efforts needed to combat climate change. Investing in nature-based sequestration projects, which offer multiple co-benefits, allows companies and other types of financial actors to diversify their investment strategies while strengthening the quality and credibility of their climate claims and addressing urgent environmental and social challenges.

As such, Flora, as Senior Carbon Sales Advisor, works with companies that are required, under the SBTi's Net Zero Standard, to reduce their emissions by at least 90% by 2050, as well as natural capital investment funds that bring together various investors who have committed funds to finance sequestration projects and purchase carbon credits (Carbon Dioxide Removal - CDR).

Flora supports investors throughout the process of selecting and financing a certified project – understanding the client's needs, formulating legal, technical and financial proposals tailored to those needs in a co-construction approach, managing the technical, legal and financial due diligence processes in conjunction with Reforest'Action's in-house teams of experts, and more. All of these challenges are addressed by its in-depth knowledge of the voluntary carbon market and high-integrity carbon sequestration criteria. Flora thus builds a relationship of trust with investors and works directly with them on various aspects of project design to enable them to align it with their ESG objectives.

It also guides companies in anticipating their climate strategy and securing the credits they will need in the medium term to generate multiple environmental and social impacts and meet the expectations of their stakeholders and consumers, both within and outside their value chains.

![Flora-Calandre.jpg](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Flora_Calandre_49edbe2979.jpg)

## Implementing robust governance to ensure transparency, fairness, and traceability

### Louis, Carbon Finance Manager

For climate action to meet market quality requirements, it is essential that all stakeholders align on principles of transparency, traceability, equitable value distribution, and inclusive decision-making. 

Louis, Carbon Finance Manager at Reforest'Action, has responsibilities in several areas of financial expertise. From the project structuring phase, he supports the operational teams in developing a 30-year business plan, which he then monitors financially throughout the project's lifetime by maintaining a solid three-way relationship between Reforest'Action, the investor, and the project implementer in the field. 

Louis also supports the commercial development of projects based on demand and market conditions. From calculating key performance indicators (KPIs) to due diligence processes during the pre-financing phase of a project, his expertise ensures the transparency and traceability of the data collected. At the same time, he works closely with the legal department to support the financial structuring of the project and the drafting of financing agreements.
 
Louis' financial expertise is also essential in designing and proposing innovative investment models, whether to enable investors to secure carbon credits ex-ante through forward purchase agreements (offtake), to directly finance a nature-based carbon sequestration project, or to spread risk through a diversified portfolio strategy.

Because high-integrity project governance requires clear and accessible reporting on cost allocation and benefit distribution, Louis also helps develop optimal transparency in project auditing and financial reporting to investors throughout the project lifecycle.

![Louis-Carre.jpg](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Louis_Carre_6ef06c8112.jpg)

### Valentin, Head of Legal & Risks Management

Working closely with Reforest'Action's operational, commercial, and financial departments, Valentin holds the key position of Head of Legal & Risk Management, thanks to the legal expertise he has acquired throughout his career in audit firms and financial institutions.

One of the main pillars of his role is to ensure compliance with the highest standards, as required by investors throughout their supply chain (combating illegal labor and child labor, money laundering and terrorist financing, fraud and corruption, etc.). He provides training to Reforest'Action teams and develops all compliance procedures for our stakeholders. Valentin also contributes to the ongoing mapping of risks identified for each project and to the development of mitigation plans.

On the legal front, Valentin handles all customized contract coordination with investors and Reforest'Action's various stakeholders, and oversees the creation of local legal structures, where necessary, to ensure the proper receipt of carbon credits and close monitoring of projects in the field. He thus ensures the legal security of the services required by our investors.

![Valentin-Thomas.jpg](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Valentin_Thomas_345142a877.jpg)

**By choosing to work with Sabrina, Hugo, Flora, Louis, Valentin, and the entire Reforest'Action team, you are choosing to secure your investments, reduce risk, and strengthen your impact on the climate, biodiversity, and local communities through nature-based, high-integrity carbon sequestration projects. Reforest'Action offers a diversified portfolio of projects that can be tailored to multiple investment models to best fit your climate strategy. [Contact one of our experts to discuss your needs.](https://www.reforestaction.com/en/contact)**


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Our combined expertise at the service of climate solutions: 5 key profiles

**Scaling up investment to meet growing demand**

The Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM) is evolving rapidly as it scales. With ESG regulations tightening, Paris Agreement Article 6.4 mechanisms advancing, and CORSIA entering its first mandatory phase, 2025 marks a critical turning point. These developments signal growing confidence but also mounting pressure. Experts forecast that while [demand for high-integrity credits will rise sharply, supply will remain constrained](https://www.reforestaction.com/en/magazine/three-reasons-to-plan-your-offset-strategy-today) unless investments increase significantly to support project development. As we move toward 2030, global demand is expected to outstrip supply, pushing up prices and reducing availability, especially for high-quality credits, which already represent less than 10% of the market*. 

**Nature-based removals matter now**

Corporate buyers are increasingly prioritizing premium credits, and Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are a key focus. Since 2018, nearly USD 11 billion has been committed to nature-based CDR*, with 60% going to forest-based projects. Major buyers like Microsoft and Meta have already secured large offtake agreements to meet their 2030 targets. This underlines confidence in NbS, but more investment is essential to scale solutions to the billions of tons required for 1.5°C alignment.

_*Source: Carbon Direct, 2024 State of the Voluntary carbon Market_

[![Climate solutions Overview 2_schema4.jpg](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Climate_solutions_Overview_2_schema4_523401adaa.jpg)](https://info.reforestaction.com/guide-2-cs-social-media-en)

**Investors must now recognize that waiting for perfect conditions means missing today’s opportunity to shape tomorrow’s solutions. Unlocking the full potential of nature-based CDR requires proactive, long-term financial and technical support across all phases of project development. Below are the key levers to invest without delay and lock in both the volume and price of your carbon credits.**

## LEVER #1 Pre-purchasing ex-ante carbon credits 

As demand for high-quality carbon projects accelerates, sustainability leaders must proactively manage future risks related to credit availability and pricing. At the same time, project developers require early financial support to launch and scale impactful initiatives while signaling market stability.

Offtake agreements are legally binding contracts in which buyers commit to purchasing a specified volume of carbon credits at a fixed price over a defined period. They emerging as strategic tools that serve both sides. Whether structured with or without prepayment - which can provide crucial early-stage funding for project development - these agreements align with long-term climate strategies. 

**Strategic advantages of offtake agreements:**

- **Securing quality and price stability:** Offtake agreements help manage supply and price risks, ensuring buyers secure high-quality, verifiable credits at competitive rates.

- **Mitigating operational risk:** Offtake agreements shield buyers from project risks. If the project fails to deliver the expected credits, the buyer pays nothing. 
 
- **Unlocking new supply:** By helping project developers attracting early-stage funding, offtake agreements accelerate the growth of high-quality carbon credit supply. 

## LEVER #2 Investing in a nature-based CDR project

Significant time and resources go into project selection and due diligence. An alternative is direct investment in carbon projects, funding their development from the outset. For example, a company seeking a large supply of high-quality NbS credits could invest in an early-stage reforestation project, financing its initial phases while securing all credits generated by the project in the future. 

**The value proposition of project investment:**

- **Securing exclusivity and priority:** For companies seeking large volumes of carbon credits, investing in a project can grant exclusive access to a guaranteed supply, often at a significantly lower price*.
 _*Compared to market forecasts for the coming years_
 
- **Influencing project development:** Investing in a project fosters a closer relationship with the project developer, allowing buyers to actively collaborate on project design while aligning it with their sustainability goals.
 
- **Creating added value and new revenue opportunities:** By securing carbon credits at a lower price, buyers may have the option to sell them later at a profit, or to use them to finance the monitoring phases of the project. This is referred to as self-financing. 

**Integrating direct investment and offtake agreements into the project development curve**

[![Climate solutions Overview 2_schema7.jpg](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Climate_solutions_Overview_2_schema7_aa29a7cdf5.jpg)](https://info.reforestaction.com/guide-2-cs-social-media-en)

## LEVER #3 Spreading risk through a portfolio-based carbon strategy

Diversifying a company’s carbon credit portfolio is a key strategy for managing risk. By spreading investments across multiple nature-based projects - varying in methodology, geography, carbon removal potential, and socio-environmental core benefits - companies can reduce exposure to risk while maximizing overall impact. Taking a long-term approach to portfolio construction allows companies to allocate funds strategically, while integrating the benefits of both offtake purchases and project investments.

[![Climate solutions Overview 2_schema8.jpg](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Climate_solutions_Overview_2_schema8_b401e4d450.jpg)](https://info.reforestaction.com/guide-2-cs-social-media-en)

In a rapidly evolving carbon market, businesses must anticipate and integrate carbon removals within their strategy from the outset. Waiting until emissions reductions alone are no longer sufficient can leave companies exposed to rising costs, regulatory pressure, and supply constraints. Besides, high-quality nature-based projects take years to develop, with many requiring 5–10 years before issuing credits. Delayed action increases the risk of limited access to premium carbon credits. 

**By building a forward-looking multi-year strategy and integrating offtakes agreements or project investments into their sustainability strategy, organizations can enhance long-term planning, budgeting accuracy, and potentially achieve significant cost savings on carbon removals.**

[![Previews investors' guide.jpg](https://backoffice.reforestaction.com/uploads/Previews_investors_guide_750726efad.jpg)](https://info.reforestaction.com/guide-2-cs-social-media-en)

**Are you interested in investing in a high-quality nature-based carbon removal project? Download [our investors’ guide](https://info.reforestaction.com/guide-2-cs-social-media-en) to find out Why and how to build your offset strategy now with nature-based carbon removals.**



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